African and Thai Birdseye Chillies
Birdseye chillies, known for their intense heat and vibrant flavour, spread globally primarily through Portuguese maritime trade networks established in the early 16th century. Originating in Central and South America, these peppers found new homes in Africa and Southeast Asia, where they adapted to local conditions and became integral to regional cuisines. Their journey from the Americas to Africa and Asia, primarily facilitated by Portuguese traders, demonstrates the profound impact of global trade on world cuisines. Despite their small size, these chillies pack a powerful punch, offering heat enthusiasts a range of fiery culinary experiences.
The African birdseye chili (Capsicum frutescens), also known as peri-peri, was introduced to the continent by Portuguese traders. It’s typically smaller than many other chili varieties, usually measuring about 1-2 cm in length. These peppers are bright red when ripe and offer a fruity, slightly smoky flavor with heat levels ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 Scoville units. They’ve become essential in dishes like peri-peri sauce, particularly in Portuguese-influenced African cuisines. The compact size and intense heat of these peppers have made them a favorite among chili enthusiasts and a crucial ingredient in many African dishes.
Thai birdseye chillies (Capsicum annuum), while also influenced by Portuguese trade, have developed their own distinct characteristics in Southeast Asia. While often considered smaller than their African counterparts, it’s important to note that the size of South Asian birds-eye chillies can vary tremendously, typically ranging from 1-4 cm long. These chillies can be used when red or green and are known for their extreme heat, ranging from 50,000 to 150,000 Scoville units. They offer a sharp, clean heat with subtle fruity notes and are crucial in many Thai dishes, including Som Tam and various curries. Their versatility and intense flavor have made them indispensable in Southeast Asian cuisine and increasingly popular worldwide.